An earlier set of reports was published in 2000 and 2001, which used a slightly different set of Benchmarks and constituents. See those at: 2000, 2001 Summary Report Benchmarks
Table 1 shows the benchmarks used in the 2004 Summary Report Appendix Graphs. Below the table is the collection of Codes used in the benchmark columns, and a list of References defining each of the benchmark Codes.
# #################################################################### # # DRW Source Codes: Source of data in the DRW column: # # MCL = EPA maximum contaminant level in drinking water # # ACT = EPA action level in drinking water # # HAL = EPA lifetime health advisory, assumes consumption of 2 L of # water per day over a 70 year lifetime by a 70-kg adult, and that # 20% of exposure comes from drinking water # # RSD5 = Risk-specific dose @ Cancer risk level=10E-5. For potential # carcinogens only. # # NOTE: RSD5(Risk level=10E-5) = RSD4(Risk level=10E-4) / 10. # # # # References for human-health benchmarks: # # MCL, ACT, HAL, and RSD5 values are from USEPA (2002c) unless # noted otherwise. A few RSD5 values are from USEPA (2002a), as # noted in database. Also, drinking water regulations for some # constituents have changed recently, so these benchmarks have # additional sources: arsenic (USEPA, 2001a,b), radon # (USEPA, 1999a, 2000b), and uranium (USEPA, 2000c, 2001c, 2002b). # # USEPA, 1999a, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; # Radon-222, Notice of proposed rulemaking, Federal Register: # Volume 64, Number 211 (November 2, 1999), Page 59295-59344. # # Part I, http://www.epa.gov/safewater/radon/radfr1.html # # Part II, http://www.epa.gov/safewater/radon/radfr2.html # # Part III, http://www.epa.gov/safewater/radon/radfr3.html # # # USEPA, 2000b, Proposed Radon in Drinking Water Rule, Fact Sheet # EPA 815-F-99-009, updated April 2000. # http://www.epa.gov/safewater/radon/proposal.html # # # USEPA, 2000c, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; # Radionuclides; Final Rule, Federal Register: Volume 65, # Number 236 (December 7, 2000), Page 76707-76753. # http://www.epa.gov/safewater/rads/radfr.html # # # USEPA, 2001a, Drinking Water Standard for Arsenic, Fact Sheet # EPA 815-F-00-015: U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Office # of Water http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ars/ars_rule_factsheet.html # # # USEPA, 2001b, National Primary Drinking Water Regulations; Arsenic # and Clarifications to Compliance and New Source Contaminants # Monitoring; Final Rule: Federal Register: Volume 66, Number 14 # (January 22, 2001) http://www.epa.gov/safewater/arsenic.html; # http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ars/arsenic_finalrule.html # # # USEPA, 2001c, Final Rule for (Non-Radon) Radionuclides in # Drinking Water: USEPA Fact Sheet EPA 815-F-00-013 (November 2000) # http://www.epa.gov/safewater/rads/technicalfacts.html # # # USEPA, 2002a, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) database, # Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental # Assessment (http://www.epa.gov/iris), accessed 9/13/02 # # # USEPA, 2002b, Radionuclides in Drinking Water # (http://www.epa.gov/safewater/standard/pp/radnucpp.html) # # # USEPA, 2002c, 2002Edition of the drinking water standards and # health advisories, Office of Water, EPA-822-R-02-038 # (http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/drinking/standards/) # # # # ################################################################### # # AQCR Source Codes: Source of data for AQCR attribute. # # # # CAN = Canadian water-quality guideline for freshwater aquatic # life (for constituents in water) # # CAN-interim = Canadian interim water-quality guideline for # freshwater aquatic life (for constituents in water) # # CAN-interim, PEL, FW = Canadian interim sediment quality # guideline for protection of aquatic life, probable effect level, # freshwater value (for constituents in sediment) # # CAN-interim, prov-PEL = Canadian interim sediment quality guideline # for protection of aquatic life, probable effect level, provisional # freshwater value (for constituents in sediment) # # FCH = EPA chronic water-quality criterion for protection of # aquatic organisms, freshwater value (for constituents in water) # # GRL = Great Lakes water quality objective for protection of # aquatic life (for constituents in water) # # NIWQP, Tox-thresh = National Irrigation Water Quality Program, # toxicity threshold (for constituents in sediment). The NIWQP # guideline for Selenium is to be applied only in the western U.S., # including the Rockies. # # NYSDEC (noncancer) = New York fish flesh criteria for protection # of piscivorous wildlife, noncancer values. These guidelines # protect wildlife against chronic toxicity but not cancer # (for constituents in fish tissue) # # # # References for ecological benchmarks: # # # # CAN and CAN-interim are from CCME (2001a). # # CAN-interim, PEL, FW and CAN-interim, prov-PEL are from CCME (2001b). # # FCH are from USEPA (1999b). # # GRL are from IJC (1978). # # NIWQP, Tox-thresh is from NIWQP (1998). # # NYSDEC (noncancer) are from Newell and others (1987). # # # Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), 2001a, # Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic # life, Summary tables, In: Canadian environmental quality # guidelines, 1999, updated 2001, CCME, Winnipeg # (http://www.ec.gc.ca/CEQG-RCQE/English/Ceqg/Water/default.cfm). # # # Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), 2001b, # Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic # life: Summary tables. Updated. In: Canadian environmental quality # guidelines, 1999, updated 2001, CCME, Winnipeg # (http://www.ec.gc.ca/ceqg-rcqe/English/Ceqg/Sediment/default.cfm). # # # International Joint Commission Canada and United States (IJC), 1978, # Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1978, as Amended by protocol # signed Nov. 18, 1987, Annex I- Specific objectives: International # Joint Commission United States and Canada # (http://www.ijc.org/agree/quality.html#ann1). # # # National Irrigation Water Quality Program (NIWQP), 1998, Guidelines # for interpretation of the biological effects of selected constituents # in biota, water, and sediment: U.S. Department of the Interior, NIWQP # Information Report No. 3 (http://www.usbr.gov/niwqp/guidelines.html). # # # Newell, A.J., Johnson, D.W., and Allen, L.K., 1987, Niagara River # Biota Contamination Project: Fish flesh criteria for piscivorous # wildlife: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, # Division of Fish and Wildlife, Bureau of Environmental Protection, # Technical Report 87-3. # # # U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999b, National recommended # water quality criteria-Correction: U.S. Environmental Protection # Agency, Office of Water, EPA 822-Z-99-001 (April 1999), # (http://www.epa.gov/ost/pc/revcom.pdf). # # # # #############################################################################